Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – F-22 testing began in 1997 and has been scaled back to save program costs, but there is a risk of bugs hiding to the point where bug fixes become unmanageable.[37] The US Accounting Office warned: “Furthermore, the engine and stealth problems already disclosed by DoD, and the potential for avionics and software problems, underscore the need to demonstrate the weapon system’s performance through flight testing before making significant production commitments.” [37]
The Raptor is designed to carry air-to-air missiles in internal bays to avoid interfering with its stealth capabilities. To launch missiles, the weapons bay doors must be opened for less than a second while the missiles are pushed out of the fuselage by hydraulic arms. The aircraft can also
Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor
Source: i.ytimg.com
carried bombs such as the Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) and the new Small Diameter Bomb (SDB). The Raptor carries the M61A2 Vulcan 20mm rotary cannon, also with a trap door, in the right wing root. The M61A2 is the last weapon and carries only 480 rounds; enough ammunition for
[] Origins The Atf
about five seconds of sustained fire Despite this, the F-22 has been able to deploy its weapon in combat without being detected, which may be necessary in silence r the missiles run out.[19] In April 2006, the cost of the F-22A was estimated by the Government Accountability Office at $361 million per aircraft.
This cost reflects the total cost of the F-22A program, divided by the number of fighters to be purchased by the Air Force; and that it has so far invested $28 billion in research, development and testing of the Raptor.
This money, known as “sunk costs”, is already spent and is separated from money used for future decision-making, including the purchase of a copy of the jet. The F-22’s aircraft include the BAE Systems E&IS (formerly Sanders Associates) AN/ALR-94 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR)[22] and the Northrop Grumman AN/APG-77 Active Electronically Scanned Radar Array (AESA) capable of
1 m2 lanes per 240 km, but this is always increasing. The AN/APG-77 has approximately 2300 elements, more than any other fighter aircraft, making it the most capable radar for both long-range target acquisition and low probability of enemy aircraft intercepting its own signals.
Keeping The Raptor Flying
The F119 engine featured pressure controlled exhaust nozzles that could move up and down 20 degrees to improve the Raptor fighter’s low-speed maneuverability. The nozzles were automatically steered by the F-22’s flight control system. The exhaust emitted no visible smoke under appropriate operating conditions and provided a low infrared signature.
Starting engine, as well as ground power, was provided by auxiliary turbine engine power (APU). The F-22 is extremely maneuverable, both at supersonic and subsonic speeds. The F-22’s thrust vectoring nozzles allow the aircraft to turn very hard and perform very high alpha (angle of attack) maneuvers such as the Herbst maneuver (or J-turn), Pugachev’s Cobra [19] and Kulbit, although the J- Turn is more useful in combat.[
19] The F-22 is also capable of maintaining a constant angle of attack greater than 70°, while still having some roll control.[19][20] During a June 2006 exercise in Alaska, F-22 pilots demonstrated that cruise altitude has a significant impact on combat performance, routinely citing their altitude advantage as a critical factor in achieving impeccable lethality.[21]
Among active threats, AESA could gather “electronic warfare (EOB)” information in the area of operations, using both radar and ELINT capabilities to locate electronic “emitting” systems, classify and alert the pilot to potential threats or high-priority targets.
Source: www.aviationtoday.com
[] F- Details
The AN/APG-77 pioneered the operational development of AESA. While attempting to make their first foreign mission to Kadena Air Force Base in Okinawa, Japan on February 11, 2007, a group of six raptors flying from Hickam Air Force Base experienced several computer crashes while crossing the 180th Meridian (International Date Line).
. Computer failures included at least navigation (completely lost) and communication. The fighters were able to return to Hawaii after their tankers in good weather. The error was corrected within 48 hours and the F-22s continued their journey to Kadena.[42][43]
In 1990, US Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney reduced the planned production rate of the F-22 from 72 per year to 48 per year. The program continued to be scaled back, with total production reduced from 750 to 648 in 1991 and then cut to a total of 442 in 1994. At this point, Lockheed began to feel a pinch between development costs and expected revenue One Lockheed official, the late Ben Rich of Lockheed Skunk Works
, said: “The sad truth is that our shareholders would have been better off financially if they had invested … in CDs.” Is the ghost in Kiev the same ghost that every journalist in the world made fun of?
[] F- In Development
Dreamers ? Russia is very afraid of a ghost that does not exist in the old Mi-29 junk ? Nazi flag, why did you make so many nicknames? Want to create a mass effect? So you don’t get lost, your words show you ? That idiot Robert Gates canned them for an inferior POS that can’t fight, can’t climb and can’t mach-un.
The USAF is run by 50+ old coke snorting MBA types who want to renew the Vietnam War. Instead of engineers and technicians. If they were smart they would have made the F-22B like the Navy did the F-18E/F Super Hornet.
However, corporate-class cokeheads have their heads too high to copy the Navy’s idea, even if it works. On May 3, 2006, a report was issued about problems with the aircraft’s titanium boom that was not handled properly.
Officials are still investigating the problem, which stems from a section of the boom not being exposed to high factory temperatures long enough, making the boom less flexible than specified and potentially shortening the life of the first 80 F-22s.
Uv-Raptor Iishsh
Efforts are being made to restore their full life expectancy[38]. * The F-22 Raptor was developed in response to USAF research conducted in the 1970s on new fighter concepts. In the early 1980s, following several generations of paper research by aerospace contractors, the USAF had decided to focus on the development of an “advanced tactical fighter”.
(ATF)” and issued a request for proposals for this type of aircraft in May 1983. The AN/ALR-94 is a passive receiver system capable of detecting radar signals from the environment. Assembled for more than 30 antennas that blend well into the wings. and fuselage,
Source: data.militaryembedded.com
former head of the Lockheed Martin F-22 program, Tom Burbage, describes it as “the most technically complex piece of equipment on the aircraft.” its own radar output that would otherwise prevent its stealth As the target approaches, the AN/ALR-94 can pinpoint the AN/APG-77 radar
to track her movements with a narrow beam, which can be as narrow as 2° by 2° focused in azimuth and elevation.[23] Under the Navalized Advanced Tactical Fighter (NATF) program, a transport-based variant of the F-22 with a tilt
Mission-Ready Sustainment
wings for the US Navy to replace the Grumman F-14 Tomcat, although the program was later canceled in 1993. A two-seat F-22B trainer variant was planned but cut in 1996 to save development costs.[50] The Air Force has little
said about the F-22’s missile warning system and active infrared defenses. The F-22’s air defense system also had a “non-cooperative target recognition (NCTR)” capability that obtains a target’s “signature” and compares it to a set of capabilities.
The NCTR details remain secret, although the latest iterations will likely include artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the system being “capable” of recognizing different targets. The F-22 was made of titanium alloys (39% by weight); compounds (24%);
aircraft aluminum alloy (16%); and thermal conductivity (1%). Advanced titanium welding and composite manufacturing techniques were used in aircraft construction. “Radar Absorbing Material (RAM)” was used in critical locations to reduce the aircraft’s radar signature, and the aircraft’s outline was also intended to make it less visible to radar.
[] F- In Service
openings, such as the armory and landing gear doors, had zigzag edges to refract the radar. International coatings also reduced the aircraft’s infrared signature. While previous stealth aircraft required significant maintenance, careful handling, and weather protection to maintain stealth, the F-22 required no extraordinary effort to maintain its characteristic stealth.
* While the F-22 was a dead end in some ways, production ended after only modest numbers were built, with no export sales — Raptor pilots know how good a plane they are hunting Pete Fesler, in The USAF F-22 Wing Commander, described
no doubt about this point: Each side weapons bay could house one AIM-9M Sidewinder missile, capable of “out of range” strikes. The door opened and the Sidewinder was angled into the airstream to give its candidate a good line of sight.
The Air Force was slow to field the much improved AIM-9X Sidewinder; it was not test-fired from the F-22 until 2015 and was not introduced until 2017. A sight or “signaling system” is required for a helmet mount to make the most of the AIM -9X, but with a final caveat, the F. -22 is still not
Source: i0.wp.com
[] Comments Sources Revision History
with one. … In the F-22, I turn it on and the plane in general is testing all its systems by itself. … The amount of power in this plane is incredible. We don’t do post-burn takeoffs because there’s no reason that even with 8,000 pounds of external fuel carried in drop tanks… Air Force officials have gotten authorization from Congress for more F-22 Raptors.
About 90 Raptors have been delivered to the Air Force so far. The 478th Airlift Systems Wing at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base oversees the production, delivery and deployment of additional F-22s. (US Air Force photo/CTO Ben Bloker) How long the F-22 will be in service no one really knows.
It is receiving upgrades to keep it effective, including modernized software, with better sensor integration between the F-22 and F-35 Lightning a priority; improved radar and data link capabilities; and, according to work Lockheed Martin began in 2014, a new RAM skin that lasts much longer than the old one.
In 2021, an F-22 was seen from the aerial view, the aircraft covered in a skin of highly reflective metal tiles. The USAF didn’t say anything about it, with speculation suggesting it was a prototype of a new type of anti-radar, or possibly a specialized, off-the-shelf test configuration.
Recent Developments And Milestones[]
Flight tests went well until 1991 when one of the prototypes crashed and burned badly. The second prototype had then been sent for ground testing and neither of the first prototypes flew again. Designed for air superiority and attack operations, the AN/APG-77 AESA radar features an electronically scanned array with a small observation active aperture capable of tracking multiple targets in all weather conditions.
The AN/APG-77 changes frequency more than 1,000 times per second to reduce the chance of being intercepted. The radar can also focus its emissions to overload enemy sensors, giving the aircraft an electronic attack capability.[24] In November 2021, Lockheed Martin was awarded a potential 10-year, $10.86 billion contract to upgrade and maintain the Air Force’s F-22 fleet.
This would include the Air Force’s acquisition of replacement equipment kits along with system upgrades, repairs and logistical support through the Advanced Raptor Enhancement & Sustainment (ARES) program. ARES’ indefinite delivery/indefinite volume contract also includes a five-year base order period and a five-year option period.
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Proposed Foreign Sales[]
You can also find our Code of Conduct and Disclosure Policy here. Do you want to contact us? Email: [email protected] The actual top speed of the F-22 is largely unknown to the public, as engine power is only one factor.
The airframe’s ability to withstand frictional stress and heat is another key factor, especially in an aircraft that uses as many polymers as the F-22. However, although some aircraft are faster on paper, the internal carriage of standard combat loads makes the aircraft relatively more capable at high loads than other modern aircraft due to the lack of drag from external warehouses.
Source: www.lockheedmartin.com
It is one of the few aircraft that can maintain supersonic flight without using the added load of the afterburner (and the associated high fuel consumption). This capability is called supercruise. * The core of the F-22’s electronics was the “AN/APG-77” radar system — which was upgraded in service, the current version being the improved “AN/APG-77(V)1”.
It was so much more than radar that it has instead been labeled a “multipurpose RF system.” With the AN/APG-77, the F-22 could detect enemy aircraft’s radar up to 460 kilometers (250 nautical miles) away. It could acquire enemy aircraft at a distance of up to 220 kilometers (125 nautical miles), but “low”.
[] Yf-A Versus Yf-A
stall probability radar signal” made it very difficult to detect, leaving the F-22’s “stealth” invisible to enemy radar. In many cases, an enemy will be hit with little warning. An F-22 Raptor of the ‘F-22 Raptor demonstration team performs at the Battle Creek Field of Flight Air Show and Balloon Festival in Battle Creek, Michigan, July 5, 2021. The demonstration team conducted detailed flight exercises to demonstrate the unique capabilities of the fifth-generation fighter jet.
(Courtesy photo ) Wingspan .56 m Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems, a division of Lockheed Martin Corp., based in Marietta, Ga., was responsible for program management; integrated forward fuselage (nose section) and forward fuselage, including cockpit and intakes.
; leading edge of wing; fins and stabilizers, flaps, ailerons and landing gear; and final assembly of the aircraft. Lockheed Ma Fort Worth, Texas-based rtin Tactical Aircraft Systems was responsible for the center fuselage; store management;
integrated navigation systems and electronic warfare systems; the communications, navigation and identification system; and the weapons support system. Boeing in Seattle, Washington built the wings and rear fuselage, including the structures necessary for the installation of the engine and nozzles, and was responsible for the integration of the aircraft, 70% of the software for the mission, training systems, life support.
Operational History[]
and fire protection systems, and pilot training and maintenance systems. Despite entering service in 2005, the Raptor has still been constantly updated. The Raptor was designed with a unique weapon capability, a power that has been greatly improved in recent years.
The Air Force, Raytheon and Lockheed have integrated performance-enhancing software upgrades into the F-22 weapons, to include building new variants of the AIM-120D and AIM-9X air-to-air weapons. * The F-22 was officially designated the “F-22A” but since there never was and never will be another production variant of the F-22, it’s just the “F-22”.
At one time, beginning in 2002, it was called the “F/A-22,” the “A” standing for “Attack,” as a way to emphasize the aircraft’s attack capabilities. However, when the engine was finally put into service, this subterfuge was dropped, probably because it fooled no one, and was possibly even counterproductive for an engine that was prized for air superiority.
In September 2002, Air Force leaders changed the Raptor’s designation to the F/A-22. The new designation, which mimicked the Navy’s F/A-18 Hornet, was meant to highlight plans to give the Raptor ground attack capabilities amid intense debate over the jet’s importance.
F- Some Are Getting Retired?
Later on December 12, 2005, the F-22A entered service on December 15, 2005. * The YF-22A won the competition and greenlit the “engineering and manufacturing development (EMD)” program, but the program still faced obstacles. The main underlying cause of uncertainty was the end of the Cold War, which significantly reduced the military threat facing the United States and called into question the need for highly sophisticated and expensive new weapons.
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Emma Nehls is a military writer and historian with a passion for exploring the intricacies of warfare and the human experience within the military. With extensive knowledge and a deep understanding of military strategy, tactics, and historical contexts, Nehls brings a unique perspective to his writings.
